A Photovoltaic Module, commonly known as a solar panel, is an assembly of solar cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

The main types include monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar panels, each varying in efficiency, cost, and application suitability.

Efficiency is the percentage of sunlight converted into electrical energy. It depends on factors such as cell type, manufacturing quality, and operating conditions.

Key parameters include power output (W), efficiency (%), temperature coefficient, dimensions, weight, and warranty terms.

Most PV modules have a service life of 25 to 30 years, with performance warranties guaranteeing a minimum power output over that period.